0 Computer Programming Language

Computer Programming Language

A language that is acceptable to a computer system is called a computer language or programming language and the process of writing instructions in such as  a language for an already planned program is called programming or coding. A language is a means of communication we can use a natural language such as english to communicate our ideas and emotion to other, similarly , a computer language is used by a programmer to instruct a computer what he / she want it to do .

         There are three types of computer programming language such as :

• Low level Language
• High Level Language 
• Assembly Language

Low level language = Low level programming language have progressed from machine oriented language which use strings of binary IS and OS , to problem oriented languages . It understands only the computer language not other language.

Disadvantage of the low level language 

1. It is difficult to deg
2. It is difficult to (each the error)
3. It is difficult to understand.

 Adavantage 

1. The low level language have a fast exicution it used  to many cheep.

Machine Language = The computers can be programmed to understand many different computer language , there is only one language understood by the computer without using a translation program, this language is called the machine language of the computer. The machine language of a computer is normally written as strings of binary IS and OS.

*Typical instruction included in the instruction set of a computer are as follows:

1. Arithmetic operations
2. Logical operations
3. Branch operation [ either conditional or unconditional  ] for transfer of control to the address given in the operands fields.
4. Data movement operation for moving data between memory locations and registers.
5. Data movement operations for moving data from or to one of the computer input/output  device.

Advantage and limitation of machine language

Programs written in machine language can be executed very fast by the computer. This is because machine instruction are directly understood by the computer and no translation of the program is required. 

• Machine Dependent = The machine language also differs from computer to computer its programmers will have to learn a new machine language and would have to rewrite all the existing programs. 
• Difficult to programs = Although machine language programs are directly and efficiently executed by the computer, it is difficult to programs in machine language.
• Difficult to modify =It is difficult to correct or modify machine language programs checking machine instructions to locate error is very difficult and time consuming.

Assembly Language = A language that allows instructions and storage locations to be represented by letters and symbols instead of numbers is called an assembly language or symbolic language.

Advantage  

• It is easier to locate and correct errors.
• It is easier to understand and use.
• It is easier to modify.
• No worry about address.
•  It is easily relocatable.
• It is efficiency of machine language.

Limitation

• Machine dependent
• Knowledge of hardware required.
• Machine level coding. 

 High Level Language= Computer language instruction are written in english language and they can be translated by some special programs into machine language are called high level languages.Computer cannot understand programs written in high level languages as their instruction are not written in machine codes (1 or 0) rather they are in english language programs written in high level languages, as are not machine dependent , hence , high level lenguage programs can easily be used transforming from one computer to another. 

Advantage of high level language 

• Machine independence.
• Easier to learn and use.
• Fower errors.
• Lower programs preparation cost.
• Better documentation.
• Easier to maintain.

Limitation

• Lower efficiency.
• Less flexibility.

Example of High level language

1. Fortron= It stands for formula translator ("john backus") from international business machine , in 1957 had developed it. This is a high level language meant for solving scientific and mathematical problems.
2.  Cobol =It is an abbreviated from of common business oriented language. This is for solving problems of business data processing commanded grace murrag happer and his team had developed it in the department of amercian defence in the year of 1989.
3. BASIC = Basic is contracted form of beginners all purpose symbolic instruction codes. It is widely used in micro computers and very easy to learn . It was developed by Dr.john kemeny and thomas kurtz jointly at dart mouth college amercian in 1964. It is an appropriate language for learning computer programming. It is mostly available on personal micro computers . BASIC uses interpreter to translate instruction in machine language. After writing each instruction it is checked by interpreter which causes instant information regarding any error . Due to these reasons this is popular amongst programming learning it takes less space on computer as its translator is small in size. It can work on most of the micro computes .Basic is available in the market in many versions today "GWBASIC" and BASIC are the most popular versions.
4. PASCAL = It is derived from "ALGOL 60" . It was named after the great mathmatician blaise pascal . Niklaus wirth has developed it in 1970 for preparing system softwares. This is a block structured language.
5. C language = It  was developed in 1972 at "AT&bell " laboratories in america . It was developed by " DENNIS RITCHIE " .The name was derived from its earlier versions B and BCPL . Today it is widely used i software developments . Apart from this , it is related with unix which has increased its used. Several built in programs of unix were written in c language . C language is a powerful language because it provides the data address in the memory.
6. C++ Language = C++ language was developed to over come troubles of solving repeatly the same problem. It is supposed to be an extension of c language Bjarne stroustrup had developed it in 1980 at bell laborateries . This language was developed based on a new technique - object oriented programming leaving tradition of procedure oriented language behind . Object oriented programming is such a method that can develop complex and large programs . These sorts of program were difficult to handle so far.
7. HTML(Hyper text markup language) = Hyper text mark up language popularly known by its abbreviated form HTML is a programming language to create wed document for a WWW . We can create tags,write contents and format them in a nice manner. We can also incorporate different hyperlinks using the language.